Philippine Independent Cinema Essay

Autonomous movies, all the more ordinarily known as outside the box films, will be films not made by standard creation houses or film studios. They are autonomous of the impacts, authority, and control of the standard business (Makuha, 2010). The rise of new and profoundly propelled cameras in the market and the progression of innovation have brought forth the development of outside the box films. This permitted anybody to make their own film in agreement to their own style without the impacts of standard motion pictures, which in reality effectsly affect the film business, particularly in the Philippines. These movies turned out to be increasingly seen and progressively significant and they have spared the gradually biting the dust film industry (Makuha, 2010). Peruse more: Essay About Philippine Independent Cinema In the concise history of film, propels in innovation have every once in a while tested and changed industry models. These advances have created their most critical changes on free segments of the film business. In the magnificence days of the studio framework, an equal or genuine adversary to that framework originating from the autonomous business would be inconceivable; the expense and challenge of creation and after creation was restrictive, troubles of advancement difficult. The Internet and numerous new advanced conveyance advances are presently beginning to expel hindrances for the creators and merchants of free movies (Landers, 2006). The improvement of the 16mm camera and advances in sound innovation made it conceivable, however still troublesome, for people or little gatherings of movie producers to make their vision understood †something infrequently conceivable in the times of the Edison restraining infrastructure on innovation, or the restrictive expense of 35mm cameras and expert lighting arrangements. The difficulties of film making were still huge in number, yet the advancement of a free part of the business constrained the majors to pay heed, however the improvement of auxiliaries explicitly entrusted to observe and circulate promising autonomous movies neglected to appear. Free film had a kept crowd, for the most part constrained to subcultures of underground or trial film. (Such crowds were regularly fundamentally made out of individual movie producers †however it bears noticing that as a rule, these self-choosing people were not the individuals who might end up viewing a greater part of the s tudio endeavors.) (Tioseco, 2005) Inside the most recent quite a few years, propels in computerized film have facilitated a comparable and even more impressive renaissance. High-goals computerized video offers a picture quality that matches that of film stock, while video camcorders, and moderately moderate proficient quality altering programming equipped for being run on cheap PCs have made the creation and after creation process conceivable, sensible and open for a generous number of people. With the subsequent increment in the number and nature of such movies being made, a subsequent social scene rose close by, however not exactly outside, the standard (Landers, 2006).

HISTORY OF MOTION PICTURES Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HISTORY OF MOTION PICTURES - Research Paper Example Their achievements, spearheading endeavors and new strategies seemingly drove the route in the development, hence making these two executives apparently the most powerful producers of this period. Concurring Taylor (1964), the French New Wave development began with Roger Vadim, a youngster in his late 20s, was hitched to diva Brigitte Bardot, and was permitted to coordinate a film featuring Bardot, and this 1956 film, titled Et Dieu crea la femme turned into a tremendous basic and business achievement (Taylor, 1964, p. 201). This made makers additionally willing to gamble on more youthful chiefs, and the New Wave development was conceived in France. Taylor expresses that the powerful figures in this development incorporate chiefs Jaques Rivette, most popular for his â€Å"strange, tricky, frequenting film Paris Nous Appartient (Taylor, 1964, p. 201); Jacques Demy, known for Lola a film which is known for its real inclination, mind and appeal. Screenwriter Marcel Moussy is additionally referenced by Taylor as being persuasive in the development, as screenplays for Les Quatre Cents Coups, Tirez sur le piano player and St. Tropez Blues showed â€Å"the kind of free-wheeling ene rgetic elegance and newness such a large number of progressively bombastic movies have taken a stab at and signally neglected to achieve† (Taylor, 1964, p. 202). Documentarians Agnes Varda, who delivered narratives that were reflections on her own disposition and Jean Rouche, who showed mise en scene and film verite procedures in his narratives about African subjects, were likewise viewed as compelling in the development (Taylor, 1964, p. 202). Marcel Hanoun, who, as a TV executive and cinematographer, â€Å"carried Bresson plainness to its obvious end result with a nuance and limited power†, is one more compelling figure of this wave (Taylor, 1964, p. 202). Another cinematographer, Raoul Coutard, loaned his skill with hues and foundations to films by Trouffaut and others (Taylor, 1964, p.

Pet Setting Business Essay Examples

Pet Setting Business Essay ExamplesWriting a pet setting business essay is not a difficult task to write but it must be written with adequate thought and meticulous details so that the reader gets to know about the nature of business. You must take care while writing the essay and must be sure about what you are writing before you do so. Here are some examples for you to consider for writing a pet setting business essay.'What If' Pet Business Essay Examples: There are some books that are written by the publishers who have extensive experience in the pet business. If you wish to give an excellent introduction to your topic, then these books can be the best reference. The publishers of these books can help you with editing and you can use the book for further reference.Cliffs Notes Business Essay Examples: If you want to get your point across quickly and efficiently, then these are the best choice. You will just have to spend some time on the paragraphs that you need to insert. The bre vity of the sentences and the sheer simplicity of the wording will help you to get your point across fast. However, the use of abbreviations and technical words will make your writing harder to understand.Business Writing Pet Setting Business Essay: This type of writing has been created by professional writers and editors who understand the needs of professionals and do not mind writing in a very short period of time. This is a good choice for students who are looking for job opportunities and for budding entrepreneurs. The brevity of the sentences and the absence of unnecessary details will help you to create a more efficient and memorable essay. However, you should be careful when introducing the customers and the product in a detailed manner because some people will not be able to understand this type of writing.Online Business Essay Sample: There are many online business writing sites that are published regularly. The article categories and the availabilityof professional writer s can help you to take advantage of such sites. Such sites will be available for you to have free access to people who can be of great help in writing a pet business essay.Pet Essay Writing Business Essay Sample: If you want to write a brief introduction to your topic, then the use of business writing examples is advisable. You can find numerous such sample articles on the Internet. Once you have read the sample, you can do a review of your own writing and rewrite it accordingly.There are different ways of writing a pet essay. You should be sure about the content and the title of the essay before you start writing. You should keep in mind that a pet business essay should have a specific business focus. You should be able to solve the problem posed by the customer so that the customer gets to buy a dog from you.The next thing that you need to do is to find out whether the company is providing the products or services that can solve the problem of the business. A detailed research on the company is a must so that you can write a pet business essay in a timely manner.

Film Analysis Akira Kurosawa s Samurai Films - 1672 Words

During the 20th century, America dominated the freshly emerged film industry. Each country had their own distinctive filming style, which in turn helped them each eventually make a name for themselves in this rising industry. Noh Theater, soft self-analysis, and minimalism heavily influenced Japan’s filming techniques. Meanwhile, America was the complete opposite with their flashy action scenes, dramatic effects, and plot-driven films. Kurosawa integrated western styles of filmmaking along with Japanese style to create his own individual technique. Before Kurosawa, multiple film directors stuck with the same skill, they did not think outside the box. But Kurosawa went outside the box and his outcome proved greater than if he had stayed in†¦show more content†¦A scene where chaos is shown is when â€Å"Kurosawa resorts to a unique cinematography: low-key photography†¦for example†¦the presentation of a small, half-ruined temple where Sanjuro temporarily hides himself from his enemies, recuperating from his wound. Again, the light comes only through the crevices in the wooden wall. These crevices and part of Sanjuro’s face are white, while the rest of his sitting body and the wall against him are black...† the scene is then â€Å"†¦enhanced by the acoustic effect of the wind blowing outside and leaves scurrying inside† (McDonald 193). Moreover, by using low-key photography in this specific scene, the audience can see the difference between the foreground and the background creating such a contrasting but soft effect. This effect shows Sanjuro’s outlook in the world and how he feels about it. Furthermore, with the addition of the eerie sound of leaves, it all provides a somber mood exemplifying Sanjuro’s gloom and his sense of not fitting in. The use of battle imagery of such a ghastly scene invokes Kurosawa’s skillful use of pathos to captivate the audience further. In addition, too battle im agery Kurosawa uses many more different techniques as shown later on to provide the audience satisfaction from watching his films. Akira Kurosawa’s film, Ran, an adaptation of Shakespeare’s tragedy King Lear, displays the use of spatial arrangement and different angles to hint atShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Akira Kurosawa s Seven Samurai And Yojieo Takita s 2009 Film, Departures1339 Words   |  6 Pagesoccurrence in Akira Kurosawa s 1954 film, Seven Samurai, and Yojieo Takita’s 2009 film, Departures. Each death in these films served a purpose. However, each of these films have death constructed in their own different ways. Departures showcased a respectful way for dealing with the deceased. Seven Samurai showed a little bit of every emotion for the deceased, but it seemed as though the 4 samurai, the main heroes, who died were not really emphasized compared to those who the samurai had killed. First

Scrooge Character Analysis - 1434 Words

Scrooge Scrooge is a very angry, rude, unfriendly character. Scrooge’s cruel actions to most others are unkind, especially when it’s about Christmas. The bitterness drive in Scrooge against Christmas is very strong. Scrooge also hates things such as love, happiness, generosity, and regards them as irrational until such time that a rightful trio of ghosts came to set him right. Charles Dickens paints him as an old businessman, with a ring of frosty white hair on his head, a pointed nose, red eyes, thin eyebrows, and a wiry chin. He’s so cold inside, it makes his lips blue, the tip of his nose strawberry red. The book describes him as hard and sharp as flint, self-contained, and solitary like an oyster. He is also described as†¦show more content†¦If he still thinks about his business anymore. In this stave, the Ghost of Christmas Present appears to Scrooge, and shows him people having a happy Christmas, maybe trying to get Scrooge to like Christmas more. Scrooge hears Tiny Tim’s dad, Scrooge’s clerk, say a toast to Scrooge, and Scrooge sees how very poor his clerk is. When he sees his clerk, he sees a family who is very poor, yet they love each other very, very much, and are a happy family, despite the poverty in their home. Scrooge then asks the Ghost if Tiny Tim will live. The Ghost’s answer is no, he will not live, unless something changes. Otherwise, Tiny Tim will end up dead like Marley. As the Ghost of Christmas Present moves on, he takes Scrooge to a boat way out at sea, and shows him him how happy the sailors are. Before the boat appears, though, the Ghost shows Scrooge a lighthouse, where two men are very happy, just like the sailors on the boat out at sea. When Scrooge sees this, he thinks, â€Å"Wow. These people are happy, even without their families out there with them.† As time wears on, Mr. Ghost moves Scrooge on to his nephew Fred’s house. In the house, Fred is having a laugh with some of his buddies about how Scrooge doesnt believe in Christmas. Furthermore, Fred says he will ask Scrooge to come over for Christmas every year until he dies. After Fred’s announces this, they start to play some party games such as Blind-Mans Bluff, as well asShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis Of Scrooge1419 Words   |  6 Pages Scrooge is excessively angry, rude, unfriendly character. Scrooge’s cruel actions to most others are unkind, especially when it’s about Christmas. The bitterness drive in Scrooge against Christmas is very strong. Scrooge also hates things such as love, happiness, generosity, and regards them as irrational until such time that a rightful trio of ghosts came to set him right. Charles Dickens paints him as an old businessman, with a ring of frosty white hair on his head, a pointed nose, red eyes,Read MoreScrooge Character Analysis1468 Words   |  6 PagesBased on what I have read in the text, Scrooge is an excessively angry, rude, unfriendly character. Scrooge’s cruel actions to most others are unkind, especially when it’s about Christmas. The bitterness drive in Scrooge against Christmas is very strong. Scrooge also hates things such as love, happiness, generosity, and regards them as irrational until such time that a rightful trio of ghosts came to set him right. Charles Dickens paints him as an old businessman, with a ring of frosty white hairRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Scrooge In A Christmas Carol1524 Words   |  7 PagesMr. Ebenezer Scrooge in Charles Dicken’s A Christmas Carol is a stubborn character that insists on his lone, grumpy life. His outlook on life had been skewed ever since his beautiful fiancà © Belle left him after she saw his love of money and wealth only growing. Scrooge lost the love of his life to greed yet he still holds tightly to it. Although many in his life have extended a warm hand to show him love and kindness, he has rejected it coldly. As Scrooge’s narcissistic and selfish attitude onlyRead More Analysis of A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Essays3690 Words   |  15 PagesAnalysis of A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol is a novel written by Charles Dickens (1812-1870) during the Victorian age, an era that took its name from Queen Victoria, England titular ruler from 1819-1901. Under Queen Victoria’s rule, London reigned the worlds dominate city country and the country’s incomparable center of commerce, culture and government. At this time London’s industrial age contributed to a large share of the manpower and capital that brought theRead MoreApplying Motivation and Emotion Theories2483 Words   |  10 PagesApplying Motivation and Emotion Theories in an Analysis of Scrooge s Behaviour Motivation and Emotion Theories 2 In the past many theories have been put forth in an attempt to understand the motivations of an individuals behaviour and the emotions involved. According to Reber Reber (2001) emotional states tend to have motivational properties and the elements of a motivation will often have emotional ties. In addition, theorists have identified that physiological structures usuallyRead More Critique of Christmas Time in Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol2831 Words   |  12 Pagesreading of A Christmas Carol unwittingly exposes an often overlooked contradiction in the storys climax: Finally, there is Scrooge, no longer a miser, but a human being, screaming at the conversational boy in Sunday clothes, to buy him the prize turkey that never could have stood upon his legs, that bird (96). Perhaps he is no longer a miser but, by this description, Scrooge still plays the role of a capitalist oppressor, commanding underlings to fetch him luxuries. While Dickens undoubtedly laudsRead MoreA Days Wait1204 Words   |  5 PagesA DAY’S WAIT LITERARY ANALYSIS Author: Ernest Hemingway, an American writer. His writing celebrates heroes and explores the nature of courage in this story. In much of his writing he dramatizes the importance of bravery in the face of death and of life’s everyday problems. This story deals with the quiet courage needed to face fear. Looking at Hemingway ´s biography we can find parallels between the story A Day ´s Wait and the author ´s real life. When Hemingway took part in World War I heRead MoreThe Hidden Recesses Of The Mind1045 Words   |  5 PagesIf his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips; betrayal oozes out of him at every pore. And thus the task of making conscious the most hidden recesses of the mind is one which it is quite possible to accomplish. - Sigmund Freud, Dora:An Analysis of a Case of Hysteria All human writing contains hidden pieces of the unconscious mind buried within layers of symbols and psychological defenses. When one writes something, all previous experiences, feelings, and thoughts are brought together toRead MoreAnalysis of The Hanged Mans Bride, The Trial for Murder and Confession Found in a Prison2347 Words   |  10 PagesAnalysis of The Hanged Mans Bride, The Trial for Murder and Confession Found in a Prison Introduction Based on my study of Charles Dickens, I have decided to focus upon three short stories to write about in detail. These are: The Hanged Mans Bride, written in 1860, The Trial For Murder, written in 1865 and Confession Found in a Prison, written in 1842. To enable me to understand the stories better and also Dickens interests and motivations, I have carried out necessaryRead MoreWalt Disney Biography2085 Words   |  9 Pagescalled Iwerks-Disney Commercial Artists. The venture did not take off and the pair were forced to seek alternative paths to put food on the table. Disney and Iwwerks would later work together in creating some of the earliest popular Disney cartoon characters, including Oswald the Lucky Rabbit and Mickey Mouse. Walt became a pioneer of the animation industry, working his way through from silent cartoons, to sound, from black and white to Technicolor.   He created the first full length animated musical

Analysis Of The Novel Orleanna Price And Caroline Compson

Orleanna Price and Caroline Compson, two southern women tremendously alike in many ways, but substantially different when it comes to the pivotal moments of their family’s lives. Both of these women, on many levels, could be considered the same, despite the thirty-year time gap between their stories, but I aim to prove their differences. While Caroline Compson is an all to classic 1930’s help assisted housewife, her role as a â€Å"yes dear† passive wife makes her an utterly incompetent mother, breeding four children who ultimately either kill themselves, leave home, or worst of all, become a sociopathic narcissist, leaving the mentally handicap son as the hands down winner of most â€Å"normal†. While I do believe that Orleanna Price’s character is†¦show more content†¦Even though Caroline Compson also dealt with the death of a child, her choosing to remain stagnate solidifies her place in a long line of passive women to go down with their men. Therefore, however many similarities that can be found between Orleanna and Caroline are utterly dismissed when the whole picture of their characters is taken into account. Though she had her faulting moments in the beginning I believe Orleanna Price was never truly submissive to her husband, but submissive to the time she lived in. Even though both Orleanna and Caroline were married to awful husbands, Mr. Compson never truly ostracized his wife like Mr. Price, however erratic she behaved, Mr. Compson still gave a small degree of respect to his wife, while Mr. price only viewed Orleanna as free home labor. This again highlights the differences between these two women, if we take a general tally Caroline Compson never experienced half the degree of hardships that Orleanna did in the Congo, therefore should not Caroline be the one more incline to become a better woman and mother? As we can see, when truthfully compared, 3even with their similarities, Orleanna can never verifiabl y be placed in the same category of passive as Caroline Compson, though similar, Caroline’s choice to remain docile in the face of disaster completely sets her apart from Orleanna, who in the end,

Privileged Working Environments Discrepancy-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Privileged Working Environments Discrepancy? Answer: Introduction In a nutshell, the report provided by the companys CSR committee has examined the following: Management structure of Brico Devices Outsourcing process of the company Environmental issues related to the company Sustainability probabilities of BD Findings The structure of management is poorly maintained within the company. To be more specific, the level of hierarchy which is considered as one of the main pillars to run a company successfully, was not implemented at all within BD. This issue has come out to be one of the main complications behind creation of pitiable working circumstances. Labor was consistently outsourced through the subcontractor who had a record of payment violation. This includes delay in paying salaries and even pay slips were not provided to the workers. As per the records, employees worked for over 60 hours on a weekly basis and certain amenities are lacked in control working day system for those employees in case of taking a day off in a week. It is also noticed that the manufacturing giant located in Belgium is deficient in providing proper personal protecting apparatus to the employees. This maximizes the chances of employees getting injured while working with the company. The company lacks big time in pollutant registering services. This mainly includes procedures related to waste water release. This is also not in accordance with the central and local governmental criteria. Conclusion The standard and audit committee of the company has discovered the ensuing desecrations. A very stern concern was identified by the committee which is upsetting our environment. In addition, the establishment required corporate social responsibility on safety and health of its employees. It is also not in accordance with the governments regulations related to waste management practices. There is no proper leave policy described or communicated to the employees and there is a discrepancy present in organizational managerial structure. As a result of all this, the companys status became tarnished. For coming out of this crisis, its a must for Brico Devices to take severe actions so that the company can sustain effectively within the present competitive market. Recommendations An in-house supervision strategy Conclusionto be implemented so that the information gets communicated to pan organization. This will help eliminating existing difficulties as well as will decrease the chances of complications that are on the horizon. For getting rid of employee unfriendly status, the company should ask subcontracting firms to deliver quarterly as well as semi-annually prompt audit reports along with annual ones. The company requires obtaining a suitable system for changing the work shift. This strategy will help in avoiding extreme working hours for employees. The company needs to consider immediately on replacing old equipment with upgraded, new and safe ones for the purpose of providing safety to its employees. The organization have to ponder about adding a recycling division that will deal with the disposal process of waste products generated by the company. Reference List Working conditions and corporate social responsibility | Southern Africa Resource Watch. 2016.Working conditions and corporate social responsibility | Southern Africa Resource Watch. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.sarwatch.org/pt-pt/node/330. [Accessed 20 December 2016].

Vegetable Supply Chain in Sri Lanka free essay sample

Main elements of food supply chain are production, supply, inventory, location, transportation amp; information. This report is based on the field visit to Nuwara Eliya and we visited farmers amp; cultivations at kandapola. In order to gathered information regarding to practical usage of vegetable supply chain amp; the issues they faced, we interviewed Mr. Hemasiri as for our famer. Among other vegetables we selected leek cultivation, as for our crop. This report identifies the supply chain of leek cultivation amp; the issues faced by famers in Kandapola area. Then we recommend some propose some suggestion as final part in this project. Actually, our anticipation is thought this project, provide better conception about vegetable supply chain. Vegetable supply chain Vegetable supply chain is the process of moving vegetable from farmers to end customers. Here end customer means final consumer, restaurant or a hotel. It is shifting toward interconnected systems with a large variety of complex relationships. We will write a custom essay sample on Vegetable Supply Chain in Sri Lanka or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Changes in sourcing, producing and marketing as a result of the increased globalization of food trade, leads to exposure to new risks and greater potential consequences of food -borne illness outbreaks. During the last decade, concerns about food quality and food safety have risen among consumers. Farmers in intensive vegetable cultivation regions of up country or central province know well the requirements for planting safe vegetables. But in order to apply strictly these requirements, they must be very confident of the outlets because they have to pay costs and investment (net house, fertilizer etc. ). So there for they should concern about supply chain management concepts for cultivation. A vegetable supply chain system comprises organizations that are responsible for the production and distribution of vegetable products. In general, we distinguish two main Types: 1. ‘Vegetable supply chains for fresh agricultural products (such as fresh vegetables, fruit). In general, these chains may comprise growers, auctions, wholesalers, importers and exporters, retailers and specialty shops and their input and service suppliers. Basically, all of these stages leave the intrinsic characteristics of the product grown or produced untouched. The main processes are the handling, conditioned storing, packing, transportation and especially trading of these goods. 2. ‘Vegetable supply chains for processed food products’ (snacks, juices, desserts, canned food products). In these chains, agricultural products are used as raw materials for producing consumer products with higher added value. In most cases, conservation and conditioning processes extend the shelf-life of the products. Participants in both types of chains, e. g. farmers, traders, processors, retailers, etc. Understand that original good quality products can be subject to quality decay because of an inadequate action of another participant. For example, when a farmer keeps their harvest for pick-up on a roadside, under the sun, without any cover, there will be a loss of quality that may even render the raw material unfit for processing.

APA Referencing †How to Cite a YouTube Video

APA Referencing – How to Cite a YouTube Video APA Referencing – How to Cite a YouTube Video Not that long ago, the idea of citing a YouTube video in an academic paper would have sent some old-fashioned college professors into fits of outrage about how young people don’t understand what proper research is all about (i.e., dusty old books). WHATS A YOUTUBE? I DONT LIKE CHANGE! These days, however, there’s no denying that YouTube and other online videos can be crucial academic sources in many subject areas. As such, knowing how to cite an online video source is increasingly useful. Herein, we look at how to do this with APA referencing. Citing a YouTube Video Citing an online video involves giving the uploader’s name and the year that the video was uploaded in parentheses. For instance, a video uploaded in 2016 by the cultural critic Anita Sarkeesian to her Feminist Frequency YouTube channel would be cited as follows: The trope of the sinister seductress is pervasive in video games (Sarkeesian, 2016). Here, we cite the â€Å"author† of the video because it’s hosted on her own channel. If you’re quoting part of a video directly, the citation should also include a time stamp: In the video, Nicky Clayton and Clive Wilkins discuss the â€Å"capacity to convey and understand ideas non-verbally† (TEDx Talks, 2013, 3:37). You’ll notice here that, despite the talk being by Nicky Clayton and Clive Wilkins, â€Å"TEDx Talks† is the name given in the citation. This is because the â€Å"TEDx Talks† channel hosts videos by numerous speakers, so Clayton and Wilkins are not the uploaders. Reference List As with other sources, full publication information should be included in the reference list for any online videos you cite in your work. For a YouTube video, this involves providing the following: Surname, Initials. [Screen name]. (year, month day). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from URL.com You’ll notice that this includes both a name and a screen name. This helps readers find the video when the uploader’s real name is different to their username. In the case of the Anita Sarkeesian video cited above, for example, you’d need to provide both: Sarkeesian, A. [Feminist Frequency]. (2016, September 28). Sinister seductress tropes vs women in video games [Video file].   Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oXzWzMqarU If a channel doesn’t provide the uploader’s real name, only the screen name is required: TEDx Talks. (2013, August 19). Conversation without words: Nicky Clayton Clive Wilkins at TEDxOxbridge [Video file].   Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iavquY2OFo It’s important to remember that the name you should cite in the main text of your work is the same one used to list the source alphabetically in the reference list.

LITERARY TERMS, CONVENTIONS, & GENRES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

LITERARY TERMS, CONVENTIONS, & GENRES - Essay Example the pens and brushes of the artists present, preserve and draw out the socio-cultural values of their environment in an excellent and elegant mode, which are sure to turn into the intellectual heritage of their society for the future centuries to come. Since it is social and cultural features that provide the raw material to creativity on which the foundations of literature are eloquently erected, so the realities of life give birth to the formation and growth of various forms and genres of literature. In view of the fact that realities are both bitter and sweet ones, the true writers do never hesitate in depicting divergent aspects of society while creating their works. The same can be observed by examining the novels under study including â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels† by Jonathan Swift and â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway† by Virginia Woolf. Produced and published during the first half of eighteenth century, Gulliver’s Travels is undoubtedly a wonderful piece of literature created in a superb way by renowned writer and satirist Jonathan Swift. The author has ironically criticized the social injustices and inequalities adopted and observed by the kings, queens, nobility, clergy and courtiers during the Swift’s times by throwing light on the hypocrisy and double standards observed by the elite stratum of society. The novel is based upon the travels the protagonist character i.e. Gulliver made after the wrecking of his ship during his voyage. After the wrecking of the ship Gulliver, a doctor by profession, reaches several strange lands and comes across diverse types of creatures, which are not only absolutely different from the normal humans in size and activities, but are also observe quite eccentric and awkward behavior while interacting with one another. Hence, the novel is full of thrill, action, suspense and amusement, which reveals the outstanding talent and observation of the author on the one hand, and his command over drawing out characters and creating amusements

Critically Analyse the Interpretation of Umbrella Clause in Investment Essay

Critically Analyse the Interpretation of Umbrella Clause in Investment Treaties - Essay Example investor in a host state.3 One such device is the umbrella clause. 2. Definitions of Umbrella Clause The umbrella clause is also known by other terms, such as the observance of undertakings clause, the observance of commitments clause, the pacta sunt servanda 4 clause, the sanctity of contract clause, and the mirror effect clause.5 There is no fixed wording for the clause, but it’s different manifestations are all to the effect that obligations are imposed upon the parties for those circumstances for which the contract had not specifically provided. The benefit of umbrella clause is that it can encompass all types of commitments whether express or implied, contractual or not contractual.6 The clause’s broadest version may be stated as: â€Å"Each Contracting Party shall observe any obligation it may have assumed with regard to investments.†7 As Dolzer & Stevens describes, the provision of umbrellas clause intends to ensure that contracting parties in an investmen t agreement should honour their commitments towards citizens or investors of other parts.8 Consequently, The effect of umbrella clauses is for arbitral jurisdiction to be extended more broadly to investment disputes that involve alleged default by the host state in meeting any obligation it owes to the foreign investor. Through umbrella clauses, therefore, the investor secures the state’s observance of its commitments. More state acts are thus brought â€Å"under the umbrella of protection of the treaty.†9 There are far-reaching effects of umbrella clauses, the most important of which is to extend violations of a contract relating to an investment to the status of treaty violations.10 The conventional concept of the umbrella clause was best put forward by Noble Ventures v Romania,11 which held that â€Å"the purpose of the parties in adopting an umbrella clause was ‘to equate contractual obligations governed by municipal law to international treaty obligations a s established in the BIT.†12 3. Evolution of Umbrella Clause Long before BITs were the norm and when investor-to-state arbitration was still unheard of, the only recourse of an individual who felt aggrieved by alleged illicit acts of the host state was by diplomatic protection. Traditional international law insulated governments against the direct claims of private persons (corporations and individuals), requiring aggrieved foreign investors to secure the consent of the host country before it may seek redress.13 It was a rule of customary law that a state may exercise its right of diplomatic protection only if a breach of international law has taken place, and its national has suffered some form of injury as a result thereof. The term umbrella clause was first used by an prominet international scholar Elihu Lauterpacht in a claim against Iran due to nationalisation of iranian oil fields when claim was made by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1953-54. Lauterpacht supported that an â€Å"umbrella treaty† would be implemented infringement of which would make the infringement if the

Nature and Architecture | Literature Review

Nature and Architecture | Literature Review The human race has reached the zenith of excellence in the paradigm of technology. With their advancement they have nestled an utter disregard for the only thing which has taken care of the human race since the beginning of time. When man was born, nature had already created an environment for the healthy and unhindered survival of humankind. Now that we have learnt so much about ourselves and the different elements of nature, we have an unreasoned intent to cut out nature from our dwellings. In the recent times, we hardly find any living element in our modern interiors. Bold usage of architectural elements like steel and glass has turned our houses into boxes and vaults which does not even allow natural ventilation. With the introduction of bio mimicry, we have settled for lifeless inanimate dummies which are inspired from nature, but we still could not take a bold step toward making our homes more penetrable yet secure, so as to cut down on resource consumption. It is obvious that natural ventilation and lighting reduces consumption drastically. I imagine what life would be like in the age when the human race came into existence. There were trees, which were abundant. Man must have found shelter under them. Then there were threats, the different species of wild animals. Man had to build a protective shelter to keep the wild threats away. Thus started the fight between nature and humans, trying to keep nature out of the house they lived in. with time, we learnt to tame many forces of nature. Now we almost feel invincible as a race that can control the weather that we experience inside. But now, we have come to a stage where we have started to eliminate the natural necessities for human survival. We see the effects of such acts in phenomena like global warming, ozone depletion etc. and also their aftereffects which are diseases that kill the human himself. I don’t intend to say that the first fight to keep the wild away from the home was not just, but at some point in time, the human progressive intent to dominate or pu t governance against natural forces should have been shunned or stopped totally so as to keep a balance in ecology of places. The broader term that incorporates both the human society and natural ecology is Landscape. Landscape is the term which incorporates a lot of subjects, along with nature and architecture. Now, the change from a green to an apparently morbid look of the cityscape is not just because of the people cutting down trees and building over them. There is a deep connection between the nature of contemporary landscape and the different aspects of human knowledge. The subjects like art, literature, geography, social sciences are vividly influential to dictate landscapes (Benson, John F and Roe, Maggie H, 2000). So a landscape (which captures nature and architecture and is a medium to link the two) is governed by the whole system which runs the universe. It is not the department of public health or the environment department of our country that is going to keep it balanced and save nature for us. Nobody can. To change the morbid landscape back to green, we need a paradigm shift of ideas throughout. According to the researches of Thomas Kuhn, the natural sciences are more of hypothesis, which answers to most of questions in its paradigm. For example, the Copernican theory on the movement of planets , even if it is presently proven to be true, was initially not accepted as Ptolemy’s deductions of the planetary motions seemed to answer more questions. But with advancement of physics and optical knowledge, new devices were made and new questions were raised. These questions seemed to be answered better by Copernican theories. This was a literal paradigm shift in the world of natural sciences. Books were rewritten, theories and corollaries redrawn (The structure of scientific revolutions, Thomas Kuhn, 1962).We need such a huge change in the outlook toward nature. Now, when we talk about such huge changes, there should be reasons enough to justify them, and there are. Firstly, the term ‘Global Warming’ has been dominating our media since many days now. From all the initiatives taken by our governments, we are all aware of the fact, that cutting down of trees are in some way connected to the heating up of our planet earth, but very few actually care about it or are actually taking steps to prevent the cutting down of trees. Secondly, there is increase in the ozone depletion and it is increasing daily. The ozone depletion does not only affect the humans, but also affect the natural ecology as it destroys the natural ecological systems by killing many organisms which cannot survive the dangerous ultra violet radiations. The list goes on and would definitely be a chapter in my dissertation. Significant Environmental Issues There are many options/issues and most of them so far suggested are varying degrees. These options/issues are as follows: Ozone Layer Depletion Global Warming Loss of Biodiversity Climate change Exploitation of natural resources Land degradation Nuclear issues Hazardous waste Water pollution Acid rain Over population Deforestation Desertification (Khan, MD. Zulfequar Ahmad, 2013) All these issues lead back to the root of all problems, humans trying to capture or tame nature. The inquisitive minds of the human race have deciphered the codes of nature and learnt a lot about it, and used and combined natural elements to invent ways of taming nature itself. Everything that is happening is all abiding the laws of nature. So if it is all going wrong, then there are two possibilities- one that we are not going in the right direction, or our knowledge of nature is flawed right at the foundation level of scientific studies. The latter is more unlikely to happen. Whereas the first is very possible, if we think that we have been walking the wrong path right from the beginning. Imagine, if the human who had built a house for the first time in history of human enlightenment, had not cut down a whole tree to build his house, and cut branches only enough to build his house, and had let the rest of the tree to live, we would be living in a very different landscape right now. Trees were abundant. If we suppose that a family generally has three members, and can fit into one house, and if we also suppose that to build a house one needs branches from ten trees ( to leave the trees alive even after building out of their woods), we can still have shelter for every person on this earth (considering the present population of earth is 7.5 billion extrapolating the data from 2012, and the number of trees on earth is 400 billion and at least 80 billion are trees from which houses can be built). It would be unjust to the people who are working to revive nature from the current disastrous state that it is in, if I say that people do not care at all about nature. There are various green rating systems these days like USGBC, IGBC, LEED, GRIHA, GREENECO etc. that rate buildings on the eco-friendly approaches in design. With the participation of the new generation of architects in achieving these ratings, people’s houses are becoming more sustainable and there are great reductions in resource consumption in proportion to the increase in number of buildings.(4) References: Benson, John F and Roe, Maggie H, 2000. Landscape And Sustainability, Page- 3. Kuhn, Thomas, 1962, The structure of scientific revolutions. Khan, MD. Zulfequar Ahmad, 2013. Global Environmental Issues and its Remedies, International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environment, Vol. 1, No. 8. (http://www.ijsee.com/IJSEE_Vol.%201,%20No.%208,%20September%202013/Global%20Environmental%20Issues.pdf) http://in.usgbc.org

The Death of Indian Culture Exposed in The Jewel In the Crown Essay

The Death of Indian Culture Exposed in The Jewel In the Crown      Ã‚   The Jewel in the Crown, by Paul Scott, is a postcolonial novel about the realism of the interracial love affair between Daphne Manners and Hari Kumar, the subsequent rape of Daphne Manners, and the after effects on British and Indian relations. At a time when British and Indian affairs were strained, at best, the rape of Miss Manners is significantly metaphoric of the British rape of Indian land and culture. British colonial sentiment became a primary influence in India, when the revolt of 1857 led to the reorganization of British influence. The British felt that India could not rule itself, that they (the British) would govern India as its benefactor, bringing modernization to an inferior culture. The Indian economy was transformed into a colonial economy, whose nature and structure was determined primarily by the needs of the British economy. Britain's policies, in effect, ruined India's urban and rural industries, which caused a great pressure on the land, as the developm ent of India's industry could not keep up with British needs.    The Jewel in the Crown focuses on how British colonialism affected the relations between native Indians and the British English, and the affects on Indian culture seen through the tragedy of the unique triangle formed by Hari Kumar and Ronald Merrick, at two opposing points (English vs. India), and Daphne Manners (the catalyst) connecting them both. The story is significant in understanding the historical aspects of British colonial rule, and the subsequent destruction and transformation of Indian culture. Through the eyes of the characters, we get several very distinct and personal stories about the values and custo... ...e history unfolds itself, as the personal lives intertwine with social and historical attitudes of British India and its ideology of benevolent governance. In a metaphorical sense, the personal tragedies of Hari Kumar and Daphne Manners represent the inability of two clashing distinctly different cultures to mix in creating an atmosphere of modern unity. The fact that Daphne Manners dies in childbirth, a birth that would have represented such a unity between these two cultures, idealizes the very nature of the problems associated with the rights and wrongs of colonialism, and represents perhaps the very death of native Indian ideology and culture.    Works Cited Agatucci, Cora. "Jewel in the Crown Study Guide Timeline" English 103, Spring 2001. Scott, Paul. The Jewel in the Crown: The Raj Quartet:1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. C. 1998.

Ada Lovelace Essay

Ada Lovelace was born in 1815, and died in 1852 from cancer. Ada Lovelace was the daughter of a famous poet Lord Byron and Anabella Millbank, who also enjoyed math. Ada’s parents were divorced right after she was born and was never able to meet her estrange father. However, her father corresponded with her mother on her upbringing. Anabella Millbank, Ada’s mother, did not want her daughter to be a poet like her father and did everything possible, pushed Ada night and day, to learn mathematics. Even though Ada’s fond interests were elsewhere, her mother diminished those interests until Ada grew a fondness of math, by no choice of her own. At an early age Ada met with Charles Babbage in London, and with that Ada first learned of the Difference Engine. This is when Ada Lovelace’s eyes grew with enormous content, interest, and enthusiasm of the invention, which was later known as the Analytical Engine. In her twenties, Ada married her husband (several years her age) Earl William King and soon after, she bore three children. After having her children she became engrossed and focused on the formulation of the Analytical Engine, which took several years of extensive work, which she loved. Ada composed a â€Å"plan for how the engine might calculate Bernoulli numbers. This plan is now regarded as the first â€Å"computer program† (Larry Riddle, p. 1). Ada became ill and was diagnosed with cancer of the uterus and died at an early age, like her father, right after her accomplishments. Ada’s achievement was shown in her â€Å"notes† on Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine, which was finally acknowledged and â€Å"became reality in the 20th century computers which earned her a place in the history of mathematics and computer science† (Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, p. 6).

Cannabis Sativa Essay - 514 Words

Cannabis Sativa Cannabis is marijuana or any other substance derived from the hemp plant. The plant has many different uses from Hemp products to medicinal purposes. This paper will talk about the plant as a whole and it’s usefulness. Marijuana is a Mexican slang term from the 1930’s referring to the medicine part of cannabis, which Mexican soldiers used to smoke. Nearly 70 million Americans have smoked marijuana at some time in their lives. Aside from recreational uses, the cannabis plant can be an extremely useful product. (www.norml.org/facts/index.shtml) There are several different medicinal purposes for marijuana. Uses of cannabis are appetite stimulant, alleviating nausea, relieving stress and depression, relives†¦show more content†¦One example, Cannabinol, can help people get to sleep. Cannabidiolic Acid, taken from premature buds, is a powerful disinfectant. (http://cannibus.com/faqs/hemp1.shtml) In the United States, hemp is legal to possess. Marijuana, the fl owers, buds, or leaves of the cannabis plant, is not legal to possess. The seeds are only legal to possess if they are sterilized. Therefore, because you can’t grow hemp without also growing marijuana, it isn’t legal to grow. It’s possible to get permission from the D.E.A., but this is rare. (http://cannibus.com/faqs/hemp1.shtml) There are many different uses for hemp. Hemp is cannabis produced containing very low levels of cannabinoids (THC) and is produced for industrial use. Many products can be made from hemp. Paper, textiles, building materials, paint, medicine, detergent, oil, varnish, ink and fuel are all products of hemp. Hemp can be grown in most locations and climates because it needs only moderate amounts of water and fertilizer. (http://cannibus.com/hemp/) Cannabis produces a tough cloth called ‘canvass’. The pulp is used to make paper. The seed is suitable for both human and animal foods. Oil from the seed can be used as a b ase for paints and varnishes. 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